前(qian)不久，財政(zheng)部、國(guo)家發展和(he)改(gai)革委(wei)員會(hui)印發調(diao)整后的第(di)14期(qi)節能(neng)產(chan)品政(zheng)府采購清(qing)(qing)單(以下(xia)簡稱“節能(neng)清(qing)(qing)單”)，對于空(kong)調(diao)來講，第(di)14期(qi)節能(neng)清(qing)(qing)單的定速空(kong)調(diao)在(zai)(zai)節能(neng)清(qing)(qing)單中(zhong)明顯(xian)縮水，取(qu)而代之的是變(bian)頻(pin)空(kong)調(diao)。在(zai)(zai)國(guo)家節能(neng)產(chan)品惠民工程等政(zheng)策的推動下(xia)，變(bian)頻(pin)空(kong)調(diao)市場推廣提速，快速發展成為市場的主(zhu)流，變(bian)頻(pin)空(kong)調(diao)有望成為空(kong)調(diao)政(zheng)府采購市場的主(zhu)力軍。

　　在政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)采(cai)購(gou)(gou)空(kong)(kong)調領域，超薄、變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)、定速、數碼、節能等詞匯已成(cheng)為(wei)時(shi)代(dai)的(de)新(xin)潮流。變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)空(kong)(kong)調在政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)采(cai)購(gou)(gou)市場(chang)表現活躍，尤其是(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)多(duo)(duo)聯(lian)式中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央空(kong)(kong)調更是(shi)在采(cai)購(gou)(gou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)頻(pin)(pin)繁出(chu)現。與此(ci)(ci)同時(shi)，購(gou)(gou)買多(duo)(duo)聯(lian)式變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央空(kong)(kong)調儼然成(cheng)為(wei)了時(shi)下政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)采(cai)購(gou)(gou)市場(chang)的(de)熱點，并(bing)將逐步取(qu)代(dai)分體(ti)機，逐步成(cheng)為(wei)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)采(cai)購(gou)(gou)空(kong)(kong)調市場(chang)的(de)新(xin)趨(qu)勢。所謂多(duo)(duo)聯(lian)式空(kong)(kong)調是(shi)把(ba)分體(ti)空(kong)(kong)調集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)到(dao)一個(ge)室(shi)外(wai)機中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，如一拖五里面(mian)有5臺(tai)壓縮機，但冷媒系統各自獨(du)立。多(duo)(duo)聯(lian)機大多(duo)(duo)應用了變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)技術，可根(gen)據室(shi)內負荷的(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化，調節室(shi)外(wai)壓縮機轉速的(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化，并(bing)以此(ci)(ci)調整制冷劑質(zhi)流量輸出(chu)，從而有效降低能耗。

　　那么采用(yong)多(duo)聯式(shi)變頻(pin)中央空(kong)調(diao)(diao)有哪些優勢(shi)呢?筆者(zhe)認為多(duo)聯式(shi)變頻(pin)中央空(kong)調(diao)(diao)的優勢(shi)主要表現在以下幾個(ge)方面：

　　一(yi)是(shi)(shi)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)省(sheng)電。目前多(duo)(duo)聯式(shi)變(bian)頻中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)空(kong)(kong)調采用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)是(shi)(shi)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)直(zhi)流(liu)變(bian)速壓縮(suo)機(ji)，可(ke)根據室(shi)(shi)內實際(ji)需要來(lai)制(zhi)冷制(zhi)熱，每(mei)個(ge)房間(jian)都能(neng)(neng)(neng)單獨(du)控制(zhi)，室(shi)(shi)內用(yong)(yong)(yong)多(duo)(duo)少，室(shi)(shi)外(wai)機(ji)就提供(gong)多(duo)(duo)少冷量，一(yi)定負荷下可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)比用(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)般的(de)分體(ti)機(ji)更加節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)省(sheng)電。二是(shi)(shi)整(zheng)體(ti)裝潢效果佳(jia)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)空(kong)(kong)調只有(you)一(yi)個(ge)外(wai)機(ji)，不會像傳(chuan)統(tong)空(kong)(kong)調破壞整(zheng)體(ti)外(wai)觀，而且(qie)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)空(kong)(kong)調室(shi)(shi)內機(ji)安(an)(an)裝“以(yi)藏(zang)為美”，通過簡單的(de)局部吊頂即可(ke)實現隱(yin)身安(an)(an)裝。三是(shi)(shi)舒(shu)適性較高。分體(ti)機(ji)送(song)風(feng)(feng)角度有(you)限(xian)，而且(qie)沒(mei)有(you)新(xin)風(feng)(feng)系統(tong)，所以(yi)空(kong)(kong)調開久了會感(gan)覺(jue)(jue)室(shi)(shi)內空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)很混濁。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)空(kong)(kong)調的(de)室(shi)(shi)內機(ji)有(you)多(duo)(duo)種送(song)風(feng)(feng)方式(shi)，使(shi)氣(qi)流(liu)分布(bu)更加均勻，同時中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)空(kong)(kong)調能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)引(yin)入(ru)室(shi)(shi)外(wai)的(de)新(xin)鮮(xian)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)即引(yin)入(ru)新(xin)風(feng)(feng)，使(shi)人感(gan)覺(jue)(jue)更加舒(shu)適。四是(shi)(shi)噪音(yin)低(di)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)空(kong)(kong)調室(shi)(shi)外(wai)機(ji)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)壓縮(suo)機(ji)是(shi)(shi)使(shi)轉(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)與葉(xie)片(pian)結(jie)合成(cheng)一(yi)體(ti)，解(jie)決了由于轉(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)與葉(xie)片(pian)磨擦形成(cheng)的(de)噪音(yin)，運轉(zhuan)起來(lai)只有(you)50分貝(bei)左右。在室(shi)(shi)內機(ji)方面，住(zhu)宅中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)較多(duo)(duo)的(de)是(shi)(shi)內藏(zang)式(shi)風(feng)(feng)管機(ji)，最低(di)可(ke)以(yi)做到25分貝(bei)，再加上隱(yin)藏(zang)在天(tian)花板之中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，噪音(yin)值可(ke)以(yi)降(jiang)到最低(di)。

　　采(cai)(cai)購人提出多(duo)聯式變頻中央空調(diao)采(cai)(cai)購需求時又要注意哪些問題呢?筆者(zhe)認為，主要有以下幾個方面：

　　一(yi)是采購人在遞交政(zheng)府(fu)采購需求表前(qian)應當做好前(qian)期工作。采購人首先應當聯系設(she)計(ji)單位對整個空(kong)調系統進行設(she)計(ji)，初步確定空(kong)調系統的方案、平面(mian)布置圖、系統圖等。

　　二是設計院一般(ban)是按某一個品牌(pai)設計的，采(cai)(cai)購(gou)人在(zai)提出多聯(lian)式(shi)變頻中央空調采(cai)(cai)購(gou)需求時不能(neng)直(zhi)接照抄設計說明書(shu)和(he)設計圖紙的設備清單中的數(shu)據，主要技術參數(shu)如制(zhi)冷量(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)制(zhi)熱(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)等(deng)技術參數(shu)填寫時候應(ying)當是一個數(shu)值范圍，只(zhi)提供制(zhi)冷量(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)制(zhi)熱(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的基準值，不是一個具體數(shu)據，可(ke)采(cai)(cai)用“大于等(deng)于”或“正(zheng)負偏差在(zai)某某幅度內”這(zhe)一類的措(cuo)詞。

　　三(san)是準確統(tong)計(ji)主要(yao)空(kong)調設(she)備(bei)的(de)數量，如(ru)室外(wai)機(ji)(ji)、室內(nei)機(ji)(ji)、新風(feng)機(ji)(ji)等(deng)主要(yao)空(kong)調設(she)備(bei)，填(tian)寫采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)明細表，其(qi)他安裝(zhuang)輔材和(he)輔機(ji)(ji)可以(yi)不(bu)統(tong)計(ji)，只(zhi)提(ti)供參(can)考得設(she)計(ji)圖紙(zhi)即可。在(zai)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)技術要(yao)求中，采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)人可以(yi)提(ti)出空(kong)調機(ji)(ji)的(de)制(zhi)冷量和(he)制(zhi)熱量要(yao)求、冷媒要(yao)求、出風(feng)形式要(yao)求等(deng)。其(qi)他指標如(ru)噪聲、機(ji)(ji)器的(de)尺寸要(yao)求、室內(nei)機(ji)(ji)的(de)厚度要(yao)求、COP能效比、耗電(dian)量、電(dian)源(yuan)(380V/220V)、電(dian)功率(lv)等(deng)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)人如(ru)有(you)要(yao)求也可以(yi)提(ti)出，但不(bu)能有(you)歧視性。

　　四是注(zhu)重安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。與(yu)分體空調(diao)(diao)(diao)相比，中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)空調(diao)(diao)(diao)可(ke)(ke)謂完美，但作(zuo)為一項系(xi)統工程，中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)空調(diao)(diao)(diao)一直有“三分生產，七分安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)”的(de)(de)(de)說法，所以安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)好(hao)壞是購買中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)空調(diao)(diao)(diao)的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵，如果(guo)不注(zhu)意(yi)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求可(ke)(ke)能(neng)后患無窮。中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)空調(diao)(diao)(diao)如果(guo)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)出現(xian)問(wen)題，常見的(de)(de)(de)毛病(bing)是風(feng)口會有滴水(shui)(shui)，這主要(yao)(yao)(yao)是因(yin)為室內機排(pai)水(shui)(shui)不順暢或(huo)者出風(feng)口冷(leng)凝(ning)水(shui)(shui)造成的(de)(de)(de)。在空調(diao)(diao)(diao)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)完畢后應(ying)當對系(xi)統進(jin)行調(diao)(diao)(diao)試(shi)(shi)，只有調(diao)(diao)(diao)試(shi)(shi)正常，排(pai)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統順暢、焊接沒問(wen)題，才可(ke)(ke)以避免(mian)出現(xian)漏水(shui)(shui)現(xian)象(xiang)，因(yin)此采購人應(ying)當提出投標供應(ying)商的(de)(de)(de)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)資格要(yao)(yao)(yao)求